@article { author = {Abdullāhī ‘Ābid, Ṣamad and Zāhidīfar, Sayf‘alī and Chūpānī, Suhrāb}, title = {The Qur’ānic Reasons for the Authoritativeness of Traditions in Response to the Evidences Presented by Aḥmad Ṣubḥī Manṣūr for Qur’ānism}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-23}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {Aḥmad Ṣubḥī Manṣūr is a contemporary Egyptian researcher who has been considered by some as the spiritual leader of the Qur’ānists in that country. Relying on the Qur’ān, he tries to introduce this divine book as the only source of legislation and prove the non-authoritativeness of the Sunna. Referring to the verses that seemingly consider God and the Qur’ān to be enough for the human, deem the Qur’ān as expressing everything, and regard the Prophet of Islam (s) seemingly indifferent to Sharī‘a, and claiming that Ḥadīth is oral, he questions the authoritativeness of the Prophet’s (s) sunna. In his references to the foregoing verses he does not take into account the linguistic context, ignores some of the verses that introduce the responsibility of the Prophet (s) to explain the Qur’ān and those that introduce the Prophet (s) as the best role model as well as the ambiguous (mutashābih) and inconclusive (mujmal) verses, and tries to justify some of these verses. The Qur’ān considers the Prophet (s) free from any vice, and provided that some conditions are met, deems a solitary narration as authoritative, let alone the authentic traditions. In order to prove his claims, Ṣubḥī Manṣūr ignores all these evident reasons.}, keywords = {Aḥmad Ṣubḥī Manṣūr,Qur’ānism,Sunna,Ḥadīth,Prophet (s)}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73019.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73019_f0dbad2cab2a27bd9d2a0d4a0a3cbda5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ḥājī Rabī‘, Mas‘ūd}, title = {The Mystic View on the Possibility of Discussing the Divine Essence and the Criticism of its Opposing Theory (of ‘Allāmah Ṭabātabā’ī)}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {25-37}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {The main subject of this study is to examine the possibility of discussing the divine essence in Ibn ‘Arabī‘s school of mysticism. The author of this article intends to investigate the possibility of the relative discussion of the divine essence. However, opposing theories such as ‘Allāmah Ṭabātabā’ī’s stance in Al-Rasā’il al-tawḥīdiyya favor the absolute impossibility of talking about the divine essence. In this paper, we examine and criticize the opposing views discussed in Al-Rasā’il al-tawḥīdiyya. The method used in this article is quotation and analysis of the mystics’ opinions about his issue in line with a critical approach to the opposing views (as viewed by this author’s stance to the issue). The relative expressibility of the divine essence from the viewpoint of mysticism and the criticisms of the opponents’ thoughts are among the main findings of this study.}, keywords = {Essence,Non-conditional being as the source of division,Name,Expressibility}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73020.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73020_53c3230d7ac875d52a7c95ea43f075e4.pdf} } @article { author = {Maārifī, Ghulam Riḍā and Ḥasanniyā, Alī}, title = {The “Autonomy Principle” in Islamic Medical Ethics, with an Emphasis on the Qur’ānic Views}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {39-51}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {One of the important issues in medical ethics is the way of treating and making decision on a patient’s treatment, especially if a physician encounters with some limitations to make a decision. In new medical ethics, the “Autonomy Principle” (respect for patient’s autonomy and individual autonomy) is used to solve the problem; that is, physicians decide on whether to treat a patient or not after providing the necessary information to him/her through his/her participation. The present paper tries to answer this basic question: “is the autonomy, i.e. respect for self-determination and individual independence, accepted by Islam?” and “what is the Islamic approach towards this issue?” This research has sought to find an appropriate response to the question, regarding the Qur’ānic verses, in order to raise the meaning, degree, validity, and range of “Autonomy Principle” from the point of view of Islam. Methodologically, it is based on library documents, descriptive method, and content analysis. Collecting and reviewing the related religious doctrines, a comprehensive definition of man, his position and responsibilities, and some of his specific characteristics, such as his free will (authority) and its extent, have been detected, which played an important role in reaching the answer of the question. Findings show that the “Autonomy Principle”, according to religious terms, is not acceptable generally, but Islam accepts and respects it only with some conditions; i.e. in the eyes of Islam and the Qur’ān, human beings and then the patients are not independent in both systems of takwīn (Genesis) and tashrīʼ (Legislation/Decree), but rather they have absolute authority and independence merely in the system of takwīn, and not in the system of tashrīʼ.}, keywords = {Autonomy Principle,Human,Islam,Medical Ethics,Holy Qur’ān}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73021.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73021_6ecb7fd723104d66e308b3bef36407ec.pdf} } @article { author = {solaymani, Haditheh and Noorayi, Mohsen and Rabi̒ Nataj, Ali Akbar}, title = {The Criticism of Revelation-order-based Exegesis from the Viewpoint of Bihjatpūr}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {53-70}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {‘Abdul-Ḥakīm Bihjatpūr is among the contemporary Qur’ān scholars who have turned to revelation-order-based exegesis, publishing a book on its basics, rules, principles and benefits. The current study aimed at the criticism and investigation of the revelation-order-based exegesis from the viewpoint of Bihjatpūr, using library research and the descriptive-analytical method, in order to show that although it has been admirable to integrate these principles and some of them such as verbality of the language of Holy Qur’ān is right, some other suggestions such as the claim that the text of the Qur’ān written by Imām ‘Alī (a) is based on the revelation order are not so strong. }, keywords = {Bihjatpūr,Revelation-order-based exegesis,Criticism,Principles of revelation-order-based exegesis}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73022.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_73022_c409a70fc40ebb4b4ac66b080af11989.pdf} } @article { author = {Naẓarī Tawakullī, Saīd}, title = {The Hereafter Life of Animals in Islamic Theology: A Comparative Study between Islamic Schools and Inter-Religious Teachings}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {71-87}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {The life after death and the Hereafter life of human beings are among the tenets of all Muslims. However, the ‎question is set forth by the theologians as to whether animals’ life will end by worldly death, or like humans, they ‎will transfer to the other world and enjoy an immaterial life, too. The issue of animal Hereafter life is closely associated with the question if animals possess a rational ‎soul or not. Since the Qur’ān has regarded animals as an umma, we are to accept that there has been a kind of identity ‎and unity among the animals in understanding the world of being and the purpose of life, and this has prompted the application of the term umma to them‏.‏‎ The two ‎factors of consciousness and purposiveness in animals have caused the Qur’ān to identify them with the human beings and to ‎speak of their otherworldly life‏.‏‎ Accordingly, the resurrection of animals in the Hereafter, in addition to the ‎pleading for justice from themselves, is also meant to plead justice from the human being. Thus, the principle of ‎accepting the human’s responsibility towards animals is open to discussion, one which denies any exploitation of them ‎outside the essential purpose of their creation.‎‎}, keywords = {animal,Death Hereafter life,Islamic Theology,religious teachings}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75054.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75054_94808bdccd49f6a08bac99adebd483f8.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahdawīrād, Muḥammad Alī and Shahīdī, Rūḥullāh}, title = {The Miraculousness Thought: Context and Evolution up to the Third Century AH}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {89-104}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {The I‘jāz (miraculousness) thought has witnessed some stages before the fourth century AH when it achieved its pinnacle. At the first stage in the first and second centuries AH, the men of letters and orators indicated their inability to rival the Qur’ān, and the scholars and interpreters disregarded the issues tied to miraculousness without much effort and did not discuss it. At the later stage, the theological contention among various religions and within Islamic denominations posed some challenges against the Qur’ān as the evidence for the prophethood of Prophet Muḥammad (s) and Islam, and led to an emphasis on the miraculousness discussions. The efforts of scholars such as Naẓām, ‘Alī b. Rabban Ṭabarī, Jāḥiẓ, Ibn Qutayba, and Wāsiṭī about I‘jāz represent some of the concerns which existed at that time.}, keywords = {Miraculousness of the Qur’ān,Theological contentions among religions,Theological contentions among Islamic denominations,translation movement}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75055.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75055_9402940fff872790cb1f99a3a6506957.pdf} } @article { author = {Rād, Alī}, title = {Orientalists and the Evolution of Shī‘a Exegesis Hermeneutic: A Case Study of Todd Lawson}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {105-124}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {Todd Lawson – a contemporary orientalist – tries in his Hermeneutics of pre-modern Islamic and Shi'ite exegesis to describe and evaluate the types and evolutions of the Twelver Shī‘a exegesis hermeneutics. According to this article, the Twelver Shī‘a exegesis has comprised of four types from its beginning to the contemporary era, including authority-oriented, compromise, mystic-inward (hermeneutic deafness), and philosophical/authority-oriented. The hermeneutic change of the Shī‘a in the interpretation of the Qur’ān from Imām to the exegete and its combination with the mystic and philosophical approaches are the qualities of the second, third, and fourth eras. The evolutions made in the four eras of Shī‘a hermeneutics have been influenced by the cultural-political conditions of the Shī‘a community, the rise of Shī‘a scientific elites, and the effects of Mu‘tazila, mystic, and Sunnī esotericist approaches on the Twelver scholars. In this regard, the role of Shī‘a governments such as Buyid and Safavid dynasties and the rise of scholars such as Sayyid Murtaḍā, Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī, and Mullā Ṣadrā have had outstanding effects on the formation of new hermeneutic types. This article presents Lawson‘s viewpoints and demonstrates their shortcomings.}, keywords = {Todd Lawson,Twelver Shī‘a exegeses,Criticism of orientalists,Hermeneutics of the Qur’ān}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75056.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75056_92b06cc8852e1fafa9a065254dcd0b21.pdf} } @article { author = {Āhangarān, Muḥammad Rasūl and Maḥmūdī, Muḥammad Riḍā}, title = {The Concept of the Recitation of the Noble Qur’ān with Ḥuzn: A Critical Examination}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {125-141}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {One of the Infallibles’ (a) recommendations about the recitation of the Qur’ān is reciting it with ḥuzn (sadness). This recommendation can be clearly construed from the appearance of some traditions. However, the question is that if this ḥuzn is necessary in the recitation of the Qur’ān? The sad recitation of the Qur’ān improves the connection of the reciter and audience with the meaning of the verses and helps them learn its concepts. Therefore, the Infallibles (a) have significantly recommended this and have reprimanded some due to the lack of ḥuzn in their recitation. In order to understand the recommendations of the Infallibles (a), it is necessary to determine the meaning of ḥuzn and its difference from worldly sorrow and specify its intention. To this end, the instances of ḥuzn should be examined and its roots should be specified. Definitely any ḥuzn has a cause and knowing it can help specify the praiseworthy and blameworthy ḥuzn. The qur’ānic verses and Islamic traditions have suggested some signs for the praiseworthy and blameworthy ḥuzn; having praiseworthy ḥuzn is a sign of faith and the abandonment of the blameworthy ḥuzn is one of its requirements.}, keywords = {Taghannī,Ḥuzn,Praiseworthy,Recitation,Blameworthy}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75057.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75057_c3916bde9a3700140de375a6d30a9722.pdf} } @article { author = {Rashīdī Ranjbar, Nūshīn and Diyārī Bīdgulī, Muḥammad Taqī}, title = {Acceptance of Guardianship from Tyrant Ruler: The Extraction of Jurisprudential Decree from “Verse 55 of the Joseph Chapter” in Shī‘a and Sunnī Exegeses}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {143-156}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {The article at hand examines the extraction of the jurisprudential decree on the “Acceptance of guardianship from tyrant ruler” based on the Anecdote Verses of the Qur’ān, especially the noble verse “(Joseph) said: ‘Set me over the store-houses of the land: I will indeed guard them, as one that knows (their importance).’” The Shī‘a political thought, which deems ruling exclusive to God, His Prophet (s), and the Infallible vicegerents of the Prophet (s), has introduced the concept of “guardianship from tyrant ruler” into its political jurisprudence literature from the Major Occultation era and has the biggest share in this discussion. Although the inherent prohibition of cooperation with the tyrant ruler is for sure, the existence of many problems and difficulties in the society and the licenses given by the Pure Imāms (a) to assume certain vacancies in the tyrant governments have led the Shī‘a and Sunnī jurisprudents to deem this type of guardianship as permissible in order to restore the right, promote justice, and execute the Divine Decrees.}, keywords = {Anecdote Verses,Ahl al-Bayt (a),Jurisprudential decree,Interpretive narrations,Guardianship from the tyrant ruler}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75058.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75058_b50eb38d00e03da6b421eed6a634bb8d.pdf} } @article { author = {Dihqānī, Rawshan and Ḥādawī, Aṣghar}, title = {The Effects of Illicit Property on Training with an Emphasis on the Qur’ānic Verses and Islamic Traditions}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {157-170}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {One of the important and necessary discussions in the human life is the acquisition of sustenance. Properties comprise one evident instance of this, have direct and indirect effects on the body and soul of the people, and can be a factor in their spiritual improvement and perfection. However, deviating people and making them attached to property and riches causes them to adopt any means, even illicit ones, to obtain property. This study has adopted a document-analysis method to examine the verses and narrations that exist in Biḥār al-anwār on the effects of illicit property on the individual and social training. Results reveal that the individual effects of illicit property regard the hardheartedness, deviation from the right path and wilāyat, squandering of the property for useless causes, non-acceptance of the prayers, and non-acceptance of the acts of worship. In the social domain, it leads to negative ethical consequences in one’s offspring which regards the time before and after the child’s birth. In particular, the spoliation of the social rights, the generation of ethical and social corruption, the dissatisfaction of God, the affliction of public disasters, and economic poverty in the society are other effects that bring about economic problems that lead to corruption as well as ethical and training problems.}, keywords = {verses,social dimension,individual dimension,Training,Narrations,illicit property}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75059.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75059_840d7ff0e35de7760bf77f930f524b78.pdf} } @article { author = {Shāyiq, Muḥammad Riḍā}, title = {Solving the Seeming Contradiction between the Sword and the Rejection of Duress Verses and its Effect on the Freedom of Religion}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {171-190}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {One of the main discussions in the Islamic jurisprudence and the interpretation of the noble Qur’ān is the freedom of religion from the viewpoint of Islam. According to the Rejection of Duress verses, anyone is free to choose his religion, and according to the appearance of the Sword verses, people are not free to choose their religion. Then, there can be four relationships between the Sword and the Rejection of Duress verses: 1)  the Sword verses abrogate the Rejection of Duress verses and so, with the revelation of these verses, the ruling for the freedom of religion has been abrogated; 2) the Rejection of Duress verses have abrogated the coercion to choose religion; 3) the Sword verses specify the generality of the Rejection of Duress verses, i.e. people are free to choose their religion except for the cases mentioned in the Sword verses; 4) the Sword verses regard the external duress and the Rejection of Duress verses concern the internal duress. Therefore, people are free internally rather than externally to choose their religion. Due to the revelation of the verse 29 of the Repentance chapter (which conditions the freedom of the People of the Book to maintain their religion to paying jizya), the first possibility is rejected, because it requires the Sword verses to be abrogated after their abrogation of other verses. The second possibility, too, requires the antecedence of the abrogating over the abrogated. In this article, the accuracy of the third possibility is argued for based on a novel method and new arguments.}, keywords = {Freedom of Religion,Sword verses,People of the Book,jizya,Rejection of duress}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75060.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75060_4fe42f849f6be92969d3057bfbc80157.pdf} } @article { author = {Shiwāpūr, Ḥāmid and Ḥāj Muḥammadī, Muḥammad}, title = {An Interpretive Investigation of the Geographical Expanse of Prophets’ Appointment in the Warning Verses}, journal = {Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {191-210}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2783-4808}, eissn = {2645-3290}, doi = {}, abstract = {The appearance of some qur’ānic verses implies the inclusion of all places of the earth by the Divine Revelation. However, this implication disagrees with the historical propositions. This disagreement can be investigated either historically or interpretively (i.e. without the consideration of historical reports). This article adopts the second approach and examines the respective qur’ānic verses, while taking for granted the historical propositions on the non-inclusiveness of the divine revelation. The inspection of the three terms “nadhīr”, “umma”, and “rasūl” in the related verses indicates that there is no contradiction between the qur’ānic verses and the accepted historical facts.}, keywords = {Divine Revelation inclusiveness,Contradiction between the Qur’ān and history,The Qur’ān and science,Nadhīr,Umma,Rasūl}, url = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75061.html}, eprint = {https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_75061_20b72e18ecc801f00c8d0d3bc95bf05d.pdf} }