University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 01 01 Development of Islamic Culture and Teachings with a Focus on the Analytical-Dynamic Discovery Teaching Method (ADDTM) 1 13 103366 10.22059/jcis.2025.390797.1410 EN Hamed Purrostami Department of Shiite Studies, Faculty of theology, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran 0009-0004-6003-7427 Hossein Baqeri Department of Islamic Studies, International Institute for Islamic Studies, Qom, Iran 0009-0007-9433-6566 Journal Article 2025 02 20 In contemporary academia, leading universities such as Stanford and Oxford have adopted strategic programs and initiatives concerning cultural matters, firmly believing that a graduating student operates within a social framework and must comprehend their surroundings' cultural and human values. Consequently, the enhancement and transmission of an ideal culture, as the identity and spirit of a community, particularly within university environments, has become a necessity and a priority. To achieve this objective, the implementation of teaching methodologies, especially in the fields of humanities and Islamic studies, presents a significant opportunity that has unfortunately been overlooked in the higher education system of the country. The Analytical-Dynamic Discovery Teaching Method (ADDTM), with its five operational steps, can address part of this gap and play a beneficial role in deepening, expanding, and sharing essential cultural elements. This method serves as a foundation for reinforcing the teaching strategy of embedding culture within education and vice versa. The research method is documented with a focus on content analysis and a data sheet tool, which have been collected in a library format. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_103366_3fd0ed7241311e3c7f4d708e8f9b23e9.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2026 10 02 Exploring Murtaḍā Muṭahharī's Critical Examination of Economic Schools of Thought 15 32 103216 10.22059/jcis.2025.382787.1394 EN Roohollah Kohanhoosh Nejad Department of West Asian and African Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4871-6588 Sayyad Mahdi Pakzat Department of Energy and Climate Governance, Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 09 24 This study critically examines the economic thought of Ustād Shahīd Murtaḍā Muṭahharī as presented in his recently published work Darāmadī bar Iqtiṣād Taṭbīqī (An Introduction to Comparative Economics). Comprising two volumes of dialogues held between 1978 and 1979 with economists and students at Tehran University, these discussions engage with classical Western economic schools including physiocratic, classical, and heterodox socialist theories. Muṭahharī’s analysis uniquely integrates Islamic philosophical and ethical frameworks, offering a distinctive normative critique that highlights the interplay between religion and economics. This paper explores his nuanced perspectives on ownership, value, and economic justice, contrasting them with dominant capitalist and socialist paradigms. Furthermore, Muṭahharī’s approach bridges empirical economic theories with Islamic normative ethics, enriching the discourse on Islamic economics by emphasizing moral accountability, social justice, and communal responsibility. The study contributes to filling a gap in literature on Muṭahharī’s economic thought, situating his insights within both historical and contemporary economic debates and proposing a moral-economic synthesis relevant to Muslim societies. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_103216_06fd5f8cdb5fcc696944d9d2743cb798.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2026 10 02 Criticism of the study of the special origins of the Orientalists about the reading of the Holy Qur'an 33 45 100943 10.22059/jcis.2025.376175.1381 EN Baqer Riahi Mehr Department of Comparative Studies of the Qur’ān, Qur’ān and Hadith Specialized University, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran 0000-0002-6476-0776 Journal Article 2024 05 06 The science of recitation is one of the Quranic sciences that plays a significant role in understanding the Quran and differences in recitations will be effective in understanding different meanings of the Quran. According to the importance and connection of the difference in readings with the change and distortion of the words of the Qur'an, Orientalists have researched and raised doubts in this field. Using the descriptive-analytical method and with a critical approach, the present article investigates the foundations and origins of certain opinions of famous orientalists, including: 1- Disbelief in the authenticity of the Quranic revelation, 2- Proving the occurrence of distortions in the Quran, 3- Proving that the Quran is controversial, 4- Belief in anxiety and lack of stability in the text of the Qur'an. It seems that what forms the intellectual foundation of this group of Orientalists is, firstly, the long-standing hostility of the West towards Muslims, which is also visible in their approach to studying the Qur'an, and on the other hand, the lack of attention to the principles of research. And it can be clearly seen that the aim of Orientalists from such research was not and is not to know Islam and the Qur'an. The researches of Orientalists on the issue of readings of the Qur'an, whether from the point of view of the research method, the lack of investigation of Imamiya sources and the lack of full knowledge of the issue of differences in readings, are among the unacceptable shortcomings and shortcomings of Orientalists. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_100943_ff0381b939a7c9306e22f82e6134277c.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2026 10 02 Critique of Dhahabī’s Perspective throughout the Historical Periods of Shiʻa Exegesis with the Presentation of a New Model 47 61 103362 10.22059/jcis.2025.392641.1415 EN Amir Joudavi Department of Qurʼān and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 0000-0003-1555-8464 Mohammad Hossein Baroomand Department of Qurʼān and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 0000-0003-0001-7817 Samiyeh Shahbazi Department of Qurʼān and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 0000-0001-8902-4401 Journal Article 2025 03 27 The history of the Shiʻa exegesis refers to the history of writing the exegesis written by a non-infallible commentator. The main purpose of this article is to criticize Dhahabī’s perspective about Shiʻa exegesis and to explain its historical periods throughout presentation of a new model. In this model, The time periods are two stages, five ages and two steps, respectively: the period of the two stages includes: the first stage from the beginning to 440 AH; The second stage from 440 up to now. Five ages including: the first and second ages of the first stage from the beginning to 95 AH; the third age of the first stage from 95 up to 440 AH; the first age of second stage from 440 until 1091 AH; the second age of second stage from year 1091 AH up to now. Also, the time period of the steps of the third age includes: the first step from 95 up to 260 AH and the second step from 260 AH to 440. Also prominent people of each time period, respectively, are: Imam ʻAlī (AS); Saeed Ibn Jubayr, Imām Ḥassan ʻAskarī (AS), Sheykh Ṭūsī and Fayḍ Kāshānī and the time periods are two stages, five ages and two steps, respectively. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_103362_53748f024c801a1671d1ee253e0eba72.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2026 10 02 Semantic Analysis of the Word “Ra’fah” (Compassion) in the Holy Quran 63 75 104958 10.22059/jcis.2025.396086.1426 EN Rahman Asharieh Department of interpretation, Faculty of Qurʼanic Sciences, University of Qurʼanic Studies and Sciences, Qom, Iran 0000-0001-5558-3221 Amir Hossein Oshriyeh Department of jurisprudence, Khatam al-Anbia school, Qom Seminary, Qom, Iran 0009-0002-1312-8567 Journal Article 2025 05 26 One way to achieve subtle semantic nuances and deepen understanding of texts is to pay attention to the conceptual relationships between words. This is especially true for words in the Holy Quran. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on “ra’fah” (compassion and kindness), presents words that have the most semantic components with this concept – words such as “rifq” (ease and lenience in behavior); “lutf” (gentleness, tolerance, and forgiveness based on delicacy); “lin” (easy and good behavior accompanied by patience, tenderness of heart, and praiseworthy character); “hūn” (kindness or contempt); “birr” (purposeful and conscious goodness towards others). Although all of these words share the key components of softness, gentleness, and avoidance of violence, their subtle semantic differences cause them to be used interchangeably in some cases. These distinctions show that the Holy Quran uses words in their specific contexts with semantic precision to reflect different layers of moral and behavioral concepts. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_104958_168d9490a9df256b7a42939d2907d3a2.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 10 02 Analyzing the Allegation of the Qurʾān’s Influence by Contemporary Culture from the Perspective of Sunni and Shiʿite Exegetes, with Emphasis on the Topic of Female Infanticide 77 89 108137 10.22059/jcis.2026.405960.1451 EN Mahdyeh Yarahmadi Department of Qurʼān and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Education, Islamic Azad University of Khorramabad, Khorramabad, Iran 0009-0001-8827-4123 Seyed Karim Khobbin Khoshnazar Department of Interpretation and Qurʼanic Sciences, Faculty of Qurʼanic Sciences, University of Qurʼanic Studies and Sciences, Malayer, Iran 0009-0001-8827-4123 Shir Mohammad Alipoor Abdoli Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran 0009-0008-1337-8375 Journal Article 2025 11 09 The allegation that the Qur’ān was influenced by individuals and the culture of its time dates back to the era of its revelation. Some Qur’ānic verses explicitly state that the Messenger of God was accused of the Qur’ān being the product of the Prophet’s (PBUH) interaction with specific individuals rather than a divine, heavenly revelation. On the one hand, the revelatory nature of the Qur’ān’s wording, and on the other, its utilization of certain elements of contemporary culture in many of its verses, make the explanation and analysis of the allegation of the Qur’ān’s influence by the culture of the revelation era highly necessary. In this research, the opinions of selected exegetes from both Sunni and Shiʿite schools regarding the influence and interaction between the Qur’ān and contemporary culture are explained and analyzed using a descriptive–analytical method, and their points of agreement and divergence are examined. Three general viewpoints can be proposed concerning the Qur’ān’s influence by contemporary culture: (1) the Qur’ān is completely detached from and alien to the Arab culture of the revelation era; (2) the Qur’ān was influenced by contemporary Arab culture; and (3) the Qur’ān sifted through Arab culture, affirming what was suitable and positive and nullifying, gradually eliminating, or reforming superstitions and falsehoods. The authors argue that, through a precise examination of rational and textual evidence on the one hand, and historical evidence on the other, the third viewpoint can be validated: the Qur’ān, while establishing its own specific culture over time, also sifted through the Arab culture of the revelation era. Therefore, regarding the aforementioned allegation, the issue of female infanticide is examined through an analysis of the views of selected Shiʿite exegetes (Ṭabrisī, Ṣādeqī Tehrānī, Jawādī Āmulī, Ṭabāṭabāʾī, and Makārem Shīrāzī) and Sunni exegetes (Fakhr al-Rāzī, Sayyid Quṭb, Ālūsī, and Ibn ʿĀshūr) concerning the influence—or lack thereof—of the Qur’ān by the culture of the revelation era. The data collection method in this article is library-based. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_108137_b2a58f7cf7be89795ef5b274161107fa.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 10 02 Global Scholarly Trends and Thematic Analysis of Research on Islamic Government: A Scopus-Based Study 91 110 107057 10.22059/jcis.2026.413230.1478 EN Saeed Hejazifar Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0001-6943-9036 Yousef Pashazadeh Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0003-4619-4747 Journal Article 2025 04 23 This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and thematic analysis of research related to the concept of “Islamic Government” based on data extracted from the Scopus database. A total of 110 articles published up to 2025 were reviewed using the search term “Islamic government” in the title, abstract, or keywords. The findings indicate a steady growth in scholarly interest after 2000, with the highest publication peak in 2024. The analysis also shows that Iranian, American, and Indonesian institutions have played a leading role in this field, while English remains the dominant language of publication. Thematically, the research is concentrated in areas such as political Islam, Islamic economics, cultural studies, human rights, and governance theory. The study further identifies nine principal thematic domains in the literature, with “Political Islam and Developments in the Islamic World” emerging as the most prominent category. At the same time, the analysis reveals that a considerable portion of the existing literature presents inaccurate or distorted interpretations of the concept of Islamic government. Overall, this study provides insight into the evolving academic landscape surrounding Islamic government and highlights areas for future interdisciplinary research. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_107057_ebe611b005232d6284896a9a0aa6d4eb.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 10 02 Qur'anic Taʿāruf as a Normative Proposal for Social Cohesion: A Five-Dimensional Reconstruction 111 125 108527 10.22059/jcis.2026.413202.1477 EN Mahdi Ghahraman Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-1703-7139 Journal Article 2026 04 22 This article examines verse 13 of Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt and reconstructs a five-dimensional logic of Qur'anic taʿāruf as a normative proposal for addressing othering and social rupture. Employing an exegetical-conceptual method based on eight systematically coded commentaries (al-Ṭabarī, al-Zamakhsharī, al-Qurṭubī, al-Rāzī, Ibn Kathīr, Rashīd Riḍā, al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, and Makārim Shīrāzī), supplemented by three hermeneutical sources (al-Ālūsī, Ibn ʿĀshūr, and Faḍl al-Raḥmān), the study demonstrates that taʿāruf (in the tafāʿul pattern) denotes mutual reciprocal knowing. The logic of taʿāruf is reconstructed as a five-dimensional model—ontological, sociological, teleological, axiological, and theological—in which human plurality is presented as a creational given and mutual recognition as an ethically directed relational orientation. The article compares this logic with contemporary theories of tolerance and recognition, explicitly acknowledging significant overlaps and not claiming superiority. Drawing on intergroup contact theory, the article proposes a revised two-stage heuristic—recognition and cooperation—in which the first stage is more directly grounded in Q. 49:13, while the second is a normatively inferred and socially adapted extension. The article argues that this framework offers a distinctive normative proposal, while acknowledging that empirical validation remains the task of future research and that the relationship between taʿāruf and distributive justice requires further theoretical integration. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_108527_8d46cc2208817300950a5ebd6527dfec.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 10 02 Examining the Qurʾanic Foundations and Principles for Confronting Social Indifference 127 140 108555 10.22059/jcis.2026.410915.1471 EN Marzieh Mohases Department of Islamic studies, Faculty of Theology and Religions, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2332-410X Journal Article 2026 02 10 Social indifference is among the serious pathologies of contemporary societies, as it undermines the sense of collective responsibility and challenges moral cohesion and active social engagement. The Qurʾan, as a guiding text concerned with the organization of both individual and social human life, adopts a fundamental stance toward this phenomenon and rejects any form of silence, passivity, or conscious withdrawal in the face of social conditions. Employing a descriptive–analytical approach and drawing upon Qurʾanic verses, the present study seeks to elucidate the Qurʾanic foundations and principles relevant to confronting social indifference. The central question of the research concerns the theoretical bases upon which the Qurʾanic structure of social ethics is grounded, and the manner in which these bases are transformed into practical principles for addressing social indifference. The findings indicate that the Qurʾan, in addition to emphasizing individual responsibility, also attributes a form of collective responsibility and accountability to communities, regarding collective actions—whether acts or omissions—as subject to divine judgment. Accordingly, social indifference is not merely an individual moral weakness, but rather a disruption in the sense of responsibility borne by individuals within society. This study demonstrates that the existence of a collective social record for communities, along with the necessity of adopting explicit social stances, constitutes among the most significant Qurʾanic foundations in this regard. These foundations are manifested in principles such as faith-based brotherhood, social guardianship (wilāya), social cohesion, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and mutual cooperation. On this basis, the Qurʾanic framework for confronting social indifference is responsibility-centered, action-oriented, and community-focused; it transcends individualistic ethics and offers a coherent framework for reconstructing social morality and revitalizing the active participation of believers within society. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_108555_445c77cfd1c86def7ddd0d14e9bd8948.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 10 02 A Critical Assessment of Michael Lecker’s Interpretation of the Prophet’s Migration and His Relations with the Jews 141 157 108484 10.22059/jcis.2026.407575.1458 EN Elahe Hadian Rasanani Department of Quranic Sciences, Faculty of Qur’an, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5393-3002 Journal Article 2025 12 04 This article critically reassesses Michael Lecker’s interpretation in Studies on the Life of Muhammad and the Dawn of Islam regarding the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) migration to Yathrib and interactions with the Jewish communities of Medina. Focusing on political, social, and tribal factors, Lecker interprets the Hijrah as a response to Yathrib’s internal tensions and part of political and social consolidation. He examines the Prophet’s (PBUH) relations with Jewish tribes within the context of tribal affiliations, competing interests, and Medina’s emerging political order. While this socio-political and historicist approach provides a framework for understanding early Arabian society, it requires further consideration of the religious motivations and theological worldview expressed in the Qur’an, which shaped the self-understanding of the early Muslim community. Drawing on an analytical-critical methodology based on explicit criteria, including historical contextualization, interpretive coherence, and integration of Qur’anic perspectives as a primary source for understanding early Islamic motivations, this study evaluates the scope and limitations of Lecker’s interpretation. It argues that although Lecker’s analysis highlights socio-political dimensions of the Hijrah and Muslim-Jewish relations, an approach that insufficiently considers the religious and normative dimensions of the Qur’anic worldview provides only a partial account of these formative events in early Islamic history. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_108484_fe755d03c736ee5793d67d86a3ab6662.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 10 02 Critical Analysis of Orientalists’ Role in Reviving Quranic Manuscripts and Advancing Codicological Studies 159 170 108560 10.22059/jcis.2026.396174.1428 EN Hossein Sepehrifard Department of Quranic Sciences, Faculty of Quran and Hadith, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran 0009-0002-2646-018X Journal Article 2025 05 27 Quranic manuscripts, as a vital component of the cultural and religious heritage of the Islamic world, hold a distinguished position in Quranic studies. However, many of these manuscripts have faced the risk of destruction over time due to wars, natural disasters, and neglect. In this context, Orientalists have played a significant role in the discovery, preservation, and study of these manuscripts. Nevertheless, their activities have been subject to ongoing debate and scrutiny. On the one hand, their efforts in preserving and reviving Quranic manuscripts are commendable; on the other hand, their approaches to the Quran as a historical and cultural text have occasionally conflicted with Islamic perspectives. This article aims to critically analyze the role of Orientalists in the revival of Quranic manuscripts and their impact on codicological studies, employing a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing library and archival resources. The findings indicate that Orientalists have significantly contributed to the preservation of Quranic heritage through the discovery of key manuscripts, such as the Sana’a manuscripts, and the implementation of major digitization projects. By employing advanced scientific methods, such as radiocarbon dating and multispectral imaging, they have advanced innovative approaches in Quranic codicology. Projects like Corpus Coranicum and the Berlin Quran Project exemplify these achievements, providing global access to Quranic manuscripts. However, their activities have faced challenges. Some Orientalists have approached the Quran with Western presuppositions, which may conflict with Islamic perspectives. For instance, historicist and linguistic approaches have occasionally led to claims of textual alteration or distortion in the Quran, which have been heavily criticized by Islamic scholars. Additionally, ethical concerns regarding access to Quranic manuscripts, such as collecting manuscripts without the consent of their rightful owners, have posed further challenges. This article critically examines these activities, exploring both their achievements and challenges, and offers recommendations for future research. These include comparative analyses of the methodologies of Orientalists and Islamic scholars, evaluations of the impact of Orientalist activities on contemporary Quranic studies in the Islamic world, and investigations into ethical issues surrounding access to Quranic manuscripts. Such research could enhance understanding of the role of Orientalists in Quranic studies and foster intercultural dialogue. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_108560_e4e009abf54577f493010e8274557e52.pdf

University of Tehran Press Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies 3060-7337 9 1 2027 10 02 Analyzing the Roots of Incompatibility Between Science and Religion and the Factors Contributing to its Continuation from the 16th to the 20th Century 171 183 107369 10.22059/jcis.2026.414526.1481 EN Hasan Reza’i Haftadoor Department of Qur’ān and Hadith Sciences faculty of theology College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran 0000-0001-5481-9327 Shadi Nafisi Associate professor, faculty of theology and Islamic sciences. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0009-0009-4339-8091 Hossein Pourfarrokh Department of Qur’ān and Hadith Sciences, faculty of theology, College of Farabi University of Tehran, Qom, Iran 0009-0008-8008-1686 Journal Article 2026 05 16 Incompatibility between science and religion is one of the most heated debates in the history of humanity. This study adopted a deeper-level analysis compared to previous related studies to inspect the reasons for the appearance and continuation of this issue. To this end, a descriptive-analytical method was adopted using the inductive approach. The factors found included church leaders’ opposition to science, their textualist view of the Bible, amalgamation of the Medieval theology with Aristotelian philosophy, consideration of scientific findings as definitive, lack of a true understanding about the real origin of religion, scientism, the appearance and expansion of anti-metaphysical schools, amalgamation of science and ideology, and incorrect generalization of scientific theories. Nonetheless, further induction and exploration of historical sources on science and religion may lead to the identification of more factors. The most important finding of this study is that the foregoing incompatibility will continue as long as reasons such as the “lack of a true understanding about the real origin of religion,” “scientism,” and “the appearance and expansion of anti-metaphysical schools” are not removed by the Western scientific community. Indeed, these are the main pillars for the continuation of the incompatibility between science and religion. Therefore, it would be apt for the contemporary Islamic studies of science and religion to focus and contemplate the reasons for the continuation of the incompatibility and to provide their solutions in order to reduce or settle the incompatibility between religion and science. https://jcis.ut.ac.ir/article_107369_4cb810e3b6a30553bd9b817b60770475.pdf