Analysis and Critique of Contemporary Orientalists’ Views on the Origins of the Quran (Based on the views of Ayatollah Sobhani)

Articles in Press

Document Type : Scholary

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Shi’a Studies, Faculty of Theology, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran

2 Faculty Member, Research Institute for Culture and Islamic Thought

3 Phd Student in Islamic Studies Teaching, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran

10.22059/jcis.2025.399103.1437

Abstract

The Holy Qur’an, regarded by Muslims as the charter of Islam and the most complete source of divine guidance, has attracted considerable attention from Orientalists over the past two centuries. While some have acknowledged its divine origin through an analysis of its content, figures such as Nöldeke, Goldziher, Blachère, and Geiger have rejected this view and proposed different theories.This study, adopting an analytical, descriptive, and critical approach, examines and critiques Orientalist perspectives on the origin of the Qur’an based on the views of Ayatollah Ja‘far Subḥānī. Ayatollah Subḥānī, one of the most prominent contemporary Shi‘a theologians and exegetes, considers the Qur’an a product of divine revelation and rejects all Orientalist hypotheses. Employing rational arguments, Qur’anic verses and traditions, as well as historical evidence, he refutes their claims.The findings indicate that the root of Orientalist skepticism lies in their preconceived notions and unscientific approach toward Islam and the Qur’an. Consequently, their criticisms and doubts lack a credible academic foundation. By presenting a systematic model for scholarly engagement with such viewpoints, this research strengthens doctrinal foundations and provides structured, evidence-based responses to challenges regarding the Qur’an’s divine origin.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 08 October 2025

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