Analysis of the errors of Hume and Darwin in the argument from order (Based on the reading of john Hospers)

Hasanzadeh Mashkani, Mohamad Janad; Mohamadi, Moslem

doi:10.22059/jcis.2025.388378.1406

Analysis of the errors of Hume and Darwin in the argument from order (Based on the reading of john Hospers)

Articles in Press

Document Type : Scholary

Authors

mohamad janad hasanzadeh mashkani ¹

moslem mohamadi ²

¹ Assistant Professor Department of Islamic Studies, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

² . Assistant Professor, Farabi Campus University of Tehran, Qom, Iran

10.22059/jcis.2025.388378.1406

Abstract

The Argument from Order is the simplest and most general argument that has been presented to prove the existence of God. This argument is composed of two premises. This argument, in Islamic texts, especially theological, has more supporters than other arguments. On the other hand, Western philosophers have questioned the validity of this argument.

Dr. John Hospers, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Full Professor at the University of Southern California, has sought to undermine it by explaining the pillars of this argument.

The research question is to analyze and examine John Hospers' objections to the premises of the Argument from order.

The research method in this article is an original research study, data collection, library studies, and critical analysis of the materials based on the sources available in the works of John Hospers.

According to the findings of the present study, it is clear that Hospers' objections to the premises of the Argument from order do not seem logical and scientific. He also used the foundations of thinkers such as Hume and Darwin for his claim, which is flawed.

Keywords

Argument of order

orderliness of the world

natural and artificial world

divine and human design

John Hospers

Subjects