Document Type : Scholary
Author
شهر جدید سهند فاز 1 محله 3 بهارستان 13 پلاک 12 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Teachings, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
10.22059/jcis.2026.413202.1477
Abstract
This article examines verse 13 of Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt and reconstructs a five-dimensional logic of Qur'anic taʿāruf as a normative proposal for addressing othering and social rupture. Employing an exegetical-conceptual method based on eight systematically coded commentaries (al-Ṭabarī, al-Zamakhsharī, al-Qurṭubī, al-Rāzī, Ibn Kathīr, Rashīd Riḍā, al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, and Makārim Shīrāzī), supplemented by three hermeneutical sources (al-Ālūsī, Ibn ʿĀshūr, and Faḍl al-Raḥmān), the study demonstrates that taʿāruf (in the tafāʿul pattern) denotes mutual reciprocal knowing. The logic of taʿāruf is reconstructed as a five-dimensional model—ontological, sociological, teleological, axiological, and theological—in which human plurality is a creational given and mutual recognition an ethically directed relational orientation. The article compares this logic with contemporary theories of tolerance (Forst, 2013) and recognition (Honneth, 1995), acknowledging overlaps and not claiming superiority. Drawing on intergroup contact theory (Allport, 1954; Pettigrew, 1998), the article proposes a revised two-stage heuristic—recognition and cooperation—where the first stage is grounded in Q. 49:13, while the second is a normatively inferred extension. The article argues this framework offers a distinctive normative proposal, while acknowledging empirical validation remains future research and the relationship between taʿāruf and distributive justice (Fraser, 2003) requires further integration.
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