The expanding reliance on algorithmic systems in public administration has reshaped the foundations of governance by redistributing moral and cognitive authority from human agents to computational procedures. While algorithmic governance enhances efficiency, consistency, and scalability, it simultaneously generates normative tensions concerning justice, dignity, discretion, and accountability. This article argues that addressing these tensions requires not only procedural safeguards but also substantive moral orientation. This article develops an exploratory Islamic ethical framework for algorithmic governance grounded in Islamic moral reasoning. Through qualitative thematic analysis of Qur’anic verses and transmitted traditions, the study identifies nine ethical principles—al-taṣarruf, al-karāmah, al-adl, al-wafā, al-raḥmah, al-amānah, al-iḥtiyāt, al-ṣidq, and al-ḥurmat—that together form a coherent moral architecture for evaluating algorithmic decision-making. The findings position Islamic moral reasoning as a complementary and context-sensitive evaluative lens for algorithmic governance. Rather than displacing established approaches to fairness, accountability, privacy, or explainability, it connects these concerns to a moral vocabulary of stewardship, dignity, responsible delegation, epistemic caution, and accountability before Allah. By integrating these principles into contemporary debates, the study reframes algorithms not as substitutes for moral agency but as instruments whose legitimacy depends on their alignment with enduring ethical commitments.