The Humanistic Turn in Contemporary Islamic Studies

Document Type : Scholary

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, the Department of Science Studies, the Iran Research Institute of Philosophy (IRIP), Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, the Department of Theology, the Iran Research Institute of Philosophy (IRIP), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the first concerns of the thinkers was to know the human. Muslim thinkers also have had a great deal of effort to offer a comprehensive theory and viewpoint about the human. This article is a secondary study about the patterns of Muslim thinkers to know the human and it compares the Ṣadrian pattern with the Neoṣadrian one. It does not aim at judging the content of these patterns; it investigates the principles of the structural turn of Neoṣadrians in the contemporary Islamic studies. Ṣadrian anthropology is of the kind of philosophical psychology, though it has many differences with earlier philosophical viewpoints. Although contemporary Shī‘a thinkers are completely influenced by the Ṣadrian theosophy in their ontology and theology, they are faced with a revolutionary change of content and structure in the issue of human which shows an anthropological turn. Both the subject of matter and the principles and theorems are developed in this turn. The root of this turn is the attention of the Neoṣadrian to the philosophy of humanities and the anthropological basics of behavioral and social sciences. In the second part, the essential teachings of Islam about the human as the Islamic anthropology principles and in the third part, the theoretical principles of contemporary anthropology are investigated.

Keywords


The Noble Qur’ān.
Ibn Sīnā, Ḥ. (2004), Al-Mabd‘ Wa al-Ma‘ad. Edited by ‘Abdullāh Nūrānī, Tehran, the University of Tehran.
Id. (2006), Al-Nafs min al-shifā‘. Edited by ῌasan ῌasanzādih, Qom, Būstān Kitāb.
Id. (1985), Manṭiq al-najāh. Edited by Muḥammad Taqī Dānish Pazhūh, Tehran, the University of Tehran Press.
Aristotle (1987), About self. Translated by ‘Alī Murād Dāwūdī, Tehran, ῌikmat.  
Bahmanyār (1996), Al-Taḥsīl. Edited by Murtiḍā Muṭahharī, Tehran, University of Tehran.
Fārābī, M. (1987), Al-Manṭiqīyyāt. Edited by Muḥammad Taqī Dānish Pazhūh, n.p., Maktabat Ayatullāh al-Mar‘ashī al-Najafī.   
Fayyāḍī, Gh. R. (2010), Philosophical psychology. Edited by Muḥammad Taqī Yūsifī, Qom,  Imām Khumeinī Education and Research Institute.
Feīḍ Kāshānī, M. (2007), Maḥajjah al-Bayḍā‘ fī tahdhīb al-aḥyā‘. Edited by ‘Alī Akbar Ghaffārī, Qom, Islamic Publications.
Ḥillī, J. Ḥ. (2009), Al-Juhar al-naḍīd. Edited by Muḥsin Bīdārfar, Qom, Bīdār.
Ibn Manẓūr, M. (1993), Lisān al-‘Arab. Beirut, Dār ’Iḥyā al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Jawādī Āmulī, A. (2008), Society in Qur’ān. Qom, Isrā’.
Id. (2014), Taḥrīr Risālah al-wīlāyah. Qom, Isrā’.
Id. (2006), Right and duty in Islam. Qom, Isrā’.
Id. (1999), The real life of human. Qom, Isrā’.
Id. (2007), Natural disposition in Qur’ān. Qom, Isrā’.
Khandān, A. (2004), Natural perceptions. Qom, Tāhā Books.
Khumeinī, R. (1999), Exegesis of forty narrations. Tehran, the Institute for the Arrangement and Publication of Imām Khumeinī's Works.
Khusrupanāh, A. (2010), The philosophy of Islamic philosophy. Tehran, The Research Center of Islamic Culture and Thought.
Id. (2003), The scope of religion. Tehran, the Office of Nashr Ma‘ārif.
Mīr Aḥmadī, M. & A. R. Yazdānī Muqaddam (2001), «The comparative study of arbitraries in the logical essays of Allāmah Tabātabā’ī», Ā’īn ῌikmat, No. 5, pp. 131-156. 
Miṣbāḥ Yazdī, M. T. (1999), Society and history from the viewpoint of Qur’ān. Tehran, the Organization of Islamic Preaching.
Id. (1999), Qur’ānic knowledge: theology, cosmology, and anthropology. Qom, Imām Khumeinī Education and Research Institute.
Id. (2001), Islamic law theory. Qom, Imām Khumeinī Education and Research Institute.
Id. (2001), Political theory of Islam. Qom, Imām Khumeinī Education and Research Institute.
Muṭahharī, M. (2003), Education and training in Islam. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Id. (1999), Seal of prophethood. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Id. (2001), Divine justice. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Id. (1995), Natural disposition. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Id. (2005), The philosophy of history. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Id. (2005), An introduction on Islamic worldview. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Id. (2005), The system of woman’s rights in Islam. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Narāqī, M. M. (1996), Jāmi‘ al-sa‘ādat. Qom, Dār al-tafsīr.
Plato (2001), Complete volumes. Translated by ῌasan Luṭfī & Riḍā Kāwyānī , Tehran, Khārazmī.
Qā’imīnīyā, ‘A. R. (2002), The origin of religion. Qom, Zulāl Kuthar.
Rashād, A. (1999), «The new transcendent philosophical discourse». Qabasāt, No. 10 &11, pp. 52-63.
Shāhābādī, M., A. (2007), Rashaḥāt al-Biḥār. Tehran, the Research Center of Islamic Culture and Thought.
 Shīrāzī, Ṣ. M. (1962), ‘Arshīyyah. Translated by Ghulām ῌusein Āhanī. Tehran, Mulā.
 Id. (1989), Al-ῌikmat al-mut‘ālīyyah fī al-asfār al-‘aghlīyyah al-arba‘ah (asfār). Beirut, Dār ’Iḥyā al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Id. (2002), Al-Mabd‘a wa al-ma‘ad fī al-ḥikmat al-mut‘ālīyya. Edited by Muḥammad Dhabīḥī, Tehran, Sadrā Theosophy Foundation.
Ṭabāṭabā’ī, M. Ḥ. (1996), Social relations in Islam. Qom, the Office of Islamic Publications.
Id. (1981), Risālah al-wīlāyah. Qom, the Institute of Ahl al-Bayt (a).
Id. (2000), The principles of philosophy and the method of Realism. Qom, Sadrā.
Id. (2009), Al-Mīzān. Translated by Mūsawī Hamidānī, Qom, the Office of Islamic Publications.
Id. (1992), Reason. Translated by Mahdī Qawām Ṣafarī, Qom, the Office of Islamic Preaching Publications.
Id. (1983), Rasā‘il Sab‘ah. Qom, the Scientific and Intellectual Foundation of Allāmah Tabātabā’ī.
Id. (1982), ‘Alī and divine philosophy. Translated by Ibrāhīm ‘Alawī, Qom, Islamic Publications.
Id. (1996), Nihāyat al-ḥikmah. Qom, Islamic Publications affiliated to the Jāmi‘ah Mudaresīn.
Ṭūsī, M. (1997), Asās al-Iqtibās. Tehran, University of Tehran.