Investigating the Process of Implementing the Teaching of Islamic Nation (Umma) in Madīna al-Nabī and Madīna al-Waṣī

Document Type : Scholary

Authors

1 Full Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 PhD holder in Shī‘a History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

One of the ways to discover the capabilities of the teaching of nation (Umma) is investigating the functions of Islamic nation teaching in a society from which it is originated; this is because a certain social event occurs in its own specific time, place and situation. Madīna al-Nabī and Madīna al-Waṣī is the best proof for the functions of Islamic nation teaching. With a descriptive-analytical method, this study seeks to find a response for this question: what behaviors did the holy Prophet (s) and Imām ‘Alī (a) have and what viewpoints did they describe for implementing the concept of Islamic nation? Results show that the concept of nation caused the realization of social justice in Madīna al-Nabī, in the light of the development of public cooperation, absence of emotional stimulation out of Ignorant prejudices, deactivation of social gaps, and transformation of prejudices threat to an opportunity to found human rules and make the extreme class differences fade out. Therefore, Madīna can be deemed as a reflection of founding the nation teaching. Equalization of social privileges in social arena was one of the most important achievements brought about by the nation teaching in the governing time of Imām ‘Alī (a) in Madīna al-Waṣī. In doing so, connection of social justice to social balance, the practical renewal of legal and social status of discriminated groups, correction of ethnic-tribal viewpoints of the society to trans-ethnic and trans-religious viewpoints, and social freedom to gain social privileges were the most important arenas for the tangible realization of the nation in that period.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

The noble Qur’ān
‘Alī, J. (1996), Al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-‘Arab qabl al-Islām. Beirut, Dār al-‘Ilm lil-Malā’īn.
Balādhurī, A. (1997), Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by S. Zakkār and R. Zaraklī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Id. (1978), Futūḥ al-buldān. Edited by R. M. Riḍwān, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Bashīriyya, Ḥ. (2001), Political science for everyone. Tehran, Nigāh-i Mu‘āṣir Institute.
Bī Āzār Shīrāzī, A. (2008), Consolidation of Islamic denominations (the scientific articles of twenty Muslim scholars). Tehran, University of Islamic Denominations.
Dihkhudā, A. A. (1969), Lughatnāma Dihkhudā. Supervised by M. Mu‘īn & J. Shahīdī, Tehran, University of Tehran.
Farāhīdī, Kh. (1985), Kitāb al-‘ayn. Edited by M. al-Maḥzūmī, Qom, D ā r al-Hijra.
Feyraḥī, D. (2007), History of state evolution in Islam. Qom, Mufid University Publications. 
Fīrūzābādī, M. (1995), Al-Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Gardet, L. ‎(1973), L'islam Religieget communaute. Translated by R. Mashāyikhī, Tehran, Intishār Corporation.
Ḥasan Ibrāhīm, Ḥ. (1967), Tārīkh al-Islām. Egypt, Maktabat al-Nihḍa.
Haythamī, A. (1995), Majma‘ al-zawā’id wa manba‘ al-fawā‘id. Edited by M. A. Aḥmad ‘Aṭā, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Holt, P., et al. (2004), The Cambridge history of Islam. Translated by T. Qādirī, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Bir, Y. (1992), Al-Istī‘āb, Edited by A. M. Al-Bajāwī, Beirut, Dār al-Jayl.
Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd, A. (1959), Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha li Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd. Edited by M. A. Ibrāhīm, Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Ibn Athīr, A. (1989), Asad al-ghāba fī ma‘rifa al-Ṣaḥāba. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn Ḥajar ‘Asqalānī, A. (1995), Al-Iṣāba fī tamīz al-Ṣaḥāba. Edited by A. A. ‘Abd al-Mawjūd and A. Muḥammad Ma‘wwaḍ, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Ibn Hushām, A. (1956), Al-sīra al-Nabawiyya. Cairo, Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Awlādih.
Ibn Manẓūr, M. (1988), Lisān al-̒Arab. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Ibn Sa‘d, M. (n.d.), Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Beirut, Maṭba‘a Dār Ṣādir.
‎‘Irfān, A. Ḥ. (2016), The doctrine of Islamic umma in the noble Qur’ān and the explication of its cultural and civilizational capabilities, Master’s thesis, Qom, University of Islamic Sciences.
Izutsu, T. (1982), God and man in the Qur’an. Translated by A. Ārām, Tehran, Intishār Corporation.
Jamshīdī, M. Ḥ. (2005), “The quiddity and essence of unity and consolidation in Imām Khumaynī‘s thought.” Matin Research Journal, no. 27, 51-72.
Jawādī Āmūlī, A. (2007), Bunyān marṣūṣ. Qom, Isrā’. 
Jawharī, A. (1987), Al-Ṣiḥāḥ. Beirut, Dār al-‘Ilm.
Kātūziyān, N. (1998), Principles of public law. Tehran, Dādgustar Publications.
Kulaynī, M. (1987), Al-Kāfī. Edited by A. A. Ghaffārī & M. Ākhūndī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
Lakzā’ī, N., et al. (2009), The political thought of Ayatullāh Muṭahharī. Qom, Būstān Kitāb.
Larana, A., et al. (2008), New social movements: From ideology to identity. Translated by M. K. Surūriyān & A. Ṣubḥdil, Tehran, Research Institute of Strategic Studies.
Muṣṭafavī, ῌ. (1996). Al-Taḥqīq fī kalimāt al-Qur’ān. Tehran, The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Mas‘ūdī, A. (1989), Murūj al-dhahab. Edited by A. Dāghir, Qom, Dār al-Hijra.
Minqarī, N. (1990), Waq‘a Ṣaffayn. Edited by A. Hārūn, Beirut, Dār al-Jayl.
Mufīd, M. (1993), Al-Irshād fī ma‘rifa ḥujajullāh ‘alal ‘ibād. Qom, Āl al-Bayt Institute.
Id. (1995), Al-Amālī. Edited by Ustād Walī & A. A. Ghaffārī, Qom, Mu’assisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
Muntaẓar al-Qā’im, A. (2007), The history of Islam to the year 40 LH. Tehran, SAMT & University of Isfahan.
Muṭahharī, M. (1990), A journey through Nahj al-balāgha. Tehran, Ṣadrā.
Petrushevsky, I. (1975), Islam in Iran. Translated by K. Kishāwarz, Tehran, Payām.
Qāsim b. Sallām, A. (1988), Al-Amwāl. Edited by M. Kh. Harās, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Shafā’ī, A. (2011), “Pioneers of taqrīb: Ibn Shahr Āshūb, the taqrībī scholar of the sixth century AD.” Andishe-e-Taqrib, vol. 8, no. 29, 86-96. 
Sharīf Raḍī, M. (1999), Nahj al-balāgha. Translated by J. Shahīdī, Tehran, Scientific and Cultural Publications.
Tahānawī, M. (1996), Kashshāf iṣṭilāḥāt al-funūn. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir.
Tamīmī Amudī, A. (1987), Ghurar al-ḥikam wa durar al-kalim. Qom, Islamic Preaching Office.
Thaqafī Kūfī, A. (1987), Al-Ghārāt. Edited by Al-Ḥusaynī, Beirut, Dār al-Aḍwā’.
The great Islamic encyclopedia (1991), supervised by M. K. Musawī Bujnūrdī, Tehran, The Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia.
Rāghib Iṣfahānī, ῌ. (1992), Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qur’ān. Edited by Ṣ. A. Dāwūdī, Beirut, Al-Dār al-Qalam.
Zabīdī, M. (n.d.), Tāj al-‘arūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs. Beirut, Dār Maktabat al-Ḥayāt.
Zargrīnizhād, Gh. (1997), An exploration of the political thoughts of Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn Asadābḍī. Tehran, Mu’assisa Ḥusayniyaa Irshād.
Ṭabarī, M. (2000), Tārīkh al-umam wa al-mulūk. Beirut, Dār al-Turāth.
Ṭabāṭabā’ī, M. Ḥ. (1984), Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān. Translated by M. B. Mūsawī Hamidānī, Qom, Islamic Publications Office of Jāmi‘a Mudarrisīn of Qom Ḥawza.
Ṭūsī, M. (n.d.), Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Wāqidī, M. (1989), Al-Maghāzī. Edited by M. Jones, Beirut, Mu’assisa al-A‘lamī lil-Maṭbū‘āt.
Ya‘qūbī, A. (n.d.), Al-Tārīkh al-Ya‘qūbī. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir.
Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies
Volume 4, Issue 1
Winter & Spring
January 2022
Pages 57-72

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics