Investigating the Synchronicity of Instantaneous or Gradual Revelation with Bi‘that

Document Type : Scholary

Authors

Department of Qur’ān and Ḥadīth Sciences, Faculty of Theology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Some historians of the Qur’ān maintain that the bi‘that (being chosen as God’s messenger) of Prophet Muḥammad (s) synchronized with the beginning of the revelation of the Qur’ān while others deny this. In this regard, there is a difference of opinion among scholars as to whether the beginning of the revelation of the Qur’ān was instantaneous (dafʿī) or gradual (tadrījī). Therefore, the authors of this article have tried to offer a new solution to this old problem in the history of the Qur’ān by putting these scattered answers into a comprehensive plan. To this end, all people and all useful reasons have been used logically in response to the problem. Then, it is shown that the date of bi‘that synchronized with the beginning of the revelation of the Qur’ān and this revelation at the time of bi‘that was instant. This instantaneous revelation, which has the quality of ‘amr, preceded the gradual revelation of the Holy Qur’ān.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

The noble Qur’ān
abū Shāma, A. (2004), al-Murshīd al-Wajiz. Beirut, Dār al‑Kutub al-ʿIlmīyyah.
Āli Rasūl, S. (2007), The Mystical interpretation of the holy Qur’ān in the works of the late Āyatullāh Shāhābādī. Qom, Congress in honor of Ḥakīm Āyatullāh Shāhābādī.
ʿAyyāshī, M. (1961), Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī. Tehran, Maktabah al-ʿilmīyyah al‑Islāmīyyah.
Fakhr Rāzī, M. (2003), Mafātiḥ al-ghayb. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Fayḍ Kāshānī, M. (1996), Tafsīr al-ṣāfī. Tehran, Maktabah al-Ṣadr.
Hākim Nayshābūrī, M. (2000), al- Mustadrak ‘ala al- Ṣaḥiḥayn, Beirut, Maktabat al-‘Aṣriyah.
Ḥalabī, A. (2006), al-Sīrat al-Ḥalabīyya. Beirut, Dār al‑Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya.
Ḥujjatī, M. B. (2010), Pazhūhishī dar tārīkhi Qur’ān. Tehran, Daftari Nashr.
Ibn Asʿad, M. (1991), al-Tabaqāt al-Kubrā. Beirut, Dār al‑Kutub al-ʿIlmīyyah.
Ibn Kathīr, I. (1996), Faḍāʾil al- Qur’ān. Cairo, Maktabah Ibn Teymiyyah.
Id. (1996), Faḍāʾil al- Qur’ān. Cairo, Maktabah Ibn Teymiyyah.
Ibn Sayyed al-Nās, M. (n.d.), ʿAyoun al-Athar fi al-Maghāzī va al-Shamāil va al-Sayr, Medina, Maktabah Dār al-Tarāth.
Khu’ī, A. (1981), al-Bayān. Qom, Anwār al-Mahdī.
Kulaynī, M. (1986), Uṣūl kāfī. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
Majlisī, M. B. (1992), Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ.
Maqrīzī, A. (1999), Imtā‘ al-asmā’. Beirut, Dār al‑Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya.
Maʿrifat, H. (1996), Tārīkhi Qur’ān. Tehran, Samt.
McDermott, M. (1978), The theology of al-Shaykh al-Mufīd. Beirut, Dār al-Mashriq.
Mu’addab, S. & Ḥ. Yūnisī (2010), «Revelation of the Qur’ān: Verbal or spiritual?». Pazhūhishnāmiyi Qur’ān wa Ḥadīth, No. 7, 47-90.
Muṭahharī, M. (1998),ʿAdli Ilāhī. Tehrān, Ṣadrā.
Nāṣiḥīyān, A. A., & A. Jalā’īyān Akbarnīa (2011), «Review of Āyatullāh Ma‘rifat’s view to the revelation of the Qur’ān». Qur’ānic Doctrines, No. 26, 151-176.
Qurtebī, M. (1997), al-Jameʿ al-Ahkām al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Dār al‑Kutub al-ʿIlmīyyah.
Quṭb, S. (2005), Fī ẓilāl al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Dār al‑Shurūq.
Rahbarī, Ḥ. (2006), «The beginning of the Prophetic mission and how the Qur’ān was revealed». Qur’ānic Researches, No. 46-47, 100-133.
Rāmyār, M. (1983), Tārīkhi Qur’ān. Tehran, Amīr Kabīr.
Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (1989), al-Ḥikmat al-mutaʿālīya fī al-asfār al-arba‘a. n.p., Maktabat al- Muṣṭafawī.
Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (2000), Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Qom, Bīdār.
Shams Shāmī. M. (1993), Sabl al-Hudā va al-Rishād fi Sirah khair al-ʿBād. Beirut, Dār al‑Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya.
Subḥānī, J. (1972), Furūghi abadīyyat. Qom, Dār al-Tablīgh Islāmī.
Suhaylī, A. (1992), al-Ruwḍ al-’anf. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ.
Suyūṭī, J. (1991), al-Itqān. Qom, Zāhidī.
Ṭabarī, M. (1992),  Jāmiʿ al-bayān fī Tafīr al-Qurān. Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifah.
Ṭabāṭabā’ī, M.Ḥ. (1996), Al-Mīzān. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
Ṭabrisī, F. (1986), Majma‘ al-bayān. Beirut, Dār Iḥyā’.
Yaʿqūbī, A. (n.d.), Tārikh al- Yaʿqūbī. Beirut, Dār al- Ṣādir.
Zanjānī, A. (1984), Tārīkhi Qur’ān. Tehran, Sāzmāni Tablīghāt.
Zarkashī, M. (n.d.), al-Burhān fi. Cairo, Maktabah Dār al-Tarāth.
Zaynī Daḥlan, A. (2001), al-Sirat al-Nabaviyyah. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies (formerly known as Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies)
Volume 5, Issue 1
Winter & Spring
January 2023
Pages 35-44

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics