The Strategies Adopted by the Prophet (Pbuh) to Cope with Economic Disorders after Hijra

Document Type : Scholary

Authors

Department of Qur’ān and Ḥadīth Sciences, Faculty of Theology, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran

10.22059/jcis.2024.371065.1370

Abstract

Before the Prophethood of Mohammad (PBUH), there were certain customs and ceremonies which represented the social, moral and behavioral characteristics of the Arabian society. Under the influence of those customs and ceremonies, the economic behavior of the people was beset with deviations and disorders which did not conform with the new rules introduced by Islam. The present study seeks to detect the strategies that the Prophet adopted to eliminate incongruities from the Muslims’ economy. The study is conducted through a descriptive-analytical method and with reference to Qur’anic verses, hadiths, and historical sources which point to the Prophet’s economic practices and manners. As the results show, he used various strategies to cleanse economic activities to some extent. He also tried to facilitate the Muslims’ economic growth by taking such measures as removing many pre-Islam economic deviations, creating economic balance, preventing monopolies, putting idle resources in circulation, curbing inflation, fighting bribery, cheating in deals and hoarding, discouraging unemployment and idleness, and linking economy to ethics.

Keywords

Main Subjects


The Holy Qur’an (2010). Farsi text of the Qur’an (N. Makārim Shīrāzī, Trans.). Negaresh Publications. (In Persian)
Barqī, A. M. (1992). Al-Mahasen (J. Mohaddeth, Ed.). Islamic Publications. (In Arabic)
Bukhārī, M. I. (1990). Al-Sahih al-bukhārī. Sunnah Books Revival Council. (In Arabic)
Dāwarī Chalqhaie, A., & Bakoui, M. (2019). The economic criteria for revolutionary Muslims as introduced in the Qur’an. The Journal of Islamic Iranian Progress Model, 4, 279-314. (In Persian)
Ghafūrī Charkhābī, H. (2009). Analysis of the verses about usury and the decrees on it». Studies of Islamic Economy, 1, 183-214. (In Persian)
Ḥakīmī, M., & Ḥakīmī, A. (2001). Al-Hayat. (A. Aram, Trans.). Islamic Culture Publications. (In Arabic)
Ḥamīrī, A. J. (1992). Ghorb al-asnad. Al al-Beit Institute. (In Arabic)
Ḥurr Āmilī, M. (1988). Wasa’il al-Shi’eh. Al al-Beit Institute. (In Arabic)
Husiynzādeh Yazdī, S. & Sharīfzādih, M. J. (2016). The Prophet’s manners of facing economic threats. The Islamic Economy Quarterly, 62, 5-31.
Huwayzī, A. J. (1994). Nour al-theghlain interpretation (H. Rasouli Mahallati, Ed.). Esmailian Publications. (In Arabic)
 Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd (1984). Elaboration on nahj al-balagheh. Library of Ayatollah Mar’ashi Najafi. (In Arabic)
Ibn Abī Jumhūr Iḥsānī, M. (1985). Surmountable high peaks of hadiths (M. Araghi, Ed.). Dar al-Seyed al-Shohada Publications. (In Arabic)
Ibn Bābawayh, M. A. (1983). Al-Khesal (A. Ghaffari, Ed.). Islamic Publications. (In Arabic)
Ibn Bābawayh, M. A. (1992). Man la yahzoroh al-faghih (A. Ghaffari, Ed.). Islamic Publications Office. (In Arabic)
Ibn Bābawayh, M. A. (2001). Ilal al-Shira’i. Dāwarī Library. (In Arabic)
Ibn Idrīs, M. (1990). Basis of decrees (H. Mousavi & A. Ibn Masīḥ, Eds.). Islamic Publications Office. (In Arabic)
Ibn Ḥayyūn, N. M. (2006). Da’aem al-Islam (A. Feyzi, Edi.). Al al-Beit Institute. (In Arabic)
Ibn Humām Iskafi, M. (1984). Al-Tamhis. Al-Imam al-Mahdi School. (In Arabic)
Ibn Kathīr Damishqī, A. (1998). Interpretation of the Holy Qur’an. Dar al-Kotob al-Elmieh. (In Arabic)
Ibn Shuʻbih Ḥarrānī, H. A. (1984). Tohaf al-oghoul. Islamic Publications Office. (In Arabic)
Imam Reza, A. (1986). Fiqh al-Reza. Al al-Beit Institute. (In Arabic)
Jawādī Āmulī, A. (2007). Origin of thought. Esra Publications. (In Persian)
Kirājakī, M. A. (1974). Mine of gems and garden of memories (A. Hosseini, Ed.). Al-Mortazawieh Books. (In Arabic)
Kuliynī, M.Y. (2008). Al-Kafi. Dar al-Hadith. (In Arabic)
Kufi Ahwazi, H. S. (1982). Abstinence (Gh. Erfanian, Ed.). Al-Elmieh Publications. (In Arabic)
Majlisī, M. B. (1983). Bahar al-Anwar. Arabic Heritage Revival House. (In Arabic)
Majlisī, M. B. (1986). Bahar al-anwar: Manners and traditions (M. B. Kamare’ie, Trans.). Dar al-Kotob al-Eslamieh. (In Arabic)
Makārim Shīrāzī, N. (1995). Nemouneh interpretation. Dar al-Kotob al-Eslamieh. (In Persian)
Meghrizi, T. A. (1999). Enjoyment of hearing about the Prophet’s status, wealth, grandchildren, and possessions. Dar al-Kotob al-Elmieh. (In Arabic)
Muʻtamid, E., Shahīdīnasab, M., & Asgharī, M. (2017). Challenges and methods of establishing economic security within the framework of the Qur’an and the common economic practices. Journal of Islamic Defense and Security Studies, 4, 123-155. (In Persian)
Mufīd, M. M. (1992). Al-Ershad. International Congress on the Millennial Commemoration of Sheikh Mufīd. (In Arabic)
Mūsawīyān, S. A. (2021). Islamic capital market. Islamic Culture and Thought Research Center. (In Persian)
Nūrī, H. M. (1988). Mostadrek al-wasa’il. Al al-Beit Institute. (In Arabic)
Sadr, M. B. (2003). Our economy (.K. Mousavi, Trans.). Borhan Publications. (In Arabic)
Sadr, S. K. (1995). Economy of early Islam. Shahid Beheshti University Press. (In Arabic)
Shafīʻī Darabi, S. H., & Subhānī Chegani, F. (2021). Analysis of the challenges in the Islamic resistance economy and the Qur’an-based solutions to them. Studies of Qur’anic Sciences, 3, 171-192. (In Persian)
Shuʻayrī, M. M. (n.d.). Comprehensive news. Heydarieh Publishing House. (In Arabic)
Salehi al-Shami, M. Y. (1993). Paths of advice and guidance in the manners of the best servants of God. Dar al-Kotob al-Elmieh. (In Arabic)
Sonaidi, A. B. (1998). Economic confrontation between the Muslims and the Quraysh at the time of the Prophet. Journal of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, 21, 369-412.
Tabātabāyī, M. H. (1996). Al-Mizan interpretation of the Qur’an. Islamic Publications Office. (In Persian)
Tamīmī Āmidī, A. M. (1987). Classification of the best quotes and adages (M. Derayati, Ed.). Enlightenment Office. (In Persian)
Taskhiri, M. A. (1991). Lessons in Islamic economy (M. Sahebi & M. ʻĀbidī, Trans.). Islamic Enlightenment Organization. (In Persian)
Tousi, M. H. (1986). Refinement of rules. Dar al-Kotob al-Eslamieh. (In Arabic)
Wisālī, S., Muʼminī, F., Zokaie, S., & Esmaili, S. (2021). Religiosity also economic success. Social Development and Welfare Planning, 48, 35-64. (In Persian)
Warrām, I. (1990). Warram collection (A reminder). Islamic Research center of Astan Quds Razawi. (In Arabic)
Yūsifī, A. H. (2006). The Prophet and Imams’ approach to price fluctuations. The Islamic Economy Quarterly, 24, 39-69. (In Persian)
Zuhaylī, W. M. (1997). Enlightening interpretation of beliefs, rules, and practices. Dar al-Fikr al-Mo’aser. (In Arabic)