The Concept Analysis of the Terms Shi‘r and Shā‘ir in the Noble Qur’ān

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Qur’ānic Studies, Research Institute of Hawzeh and University, Qom, Iran

2 PhD Student of the Qur’ān and Ḥadīth Sciences, Faculty of Islamic Theology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Attributing the accusation of being “shi‘r” (poetry) to the noble Qur’ān and the accusation of being a “shā‘ir” to the noble Prophet (s) were among the accusations made by the polytheists in order to reject the divinity of the Qur’ān and consequently to deny the prophetic mission of the Prophet (s). Although there have been suggested different viewpoints with regard to the intention of the polytheists with the words “shi‘r” and “shā‘ir” and the two viewpoints that favor analyzing “shi‘r” from the “structural” and “imaginative content” dimensions have more adherents among the exegetes, the examination of the culture and beliefs of the people of the revelation era and the analysis of the term “shi‘r” reveals that this accusation was issued by the polytheists due to their belief in “the inspiration of the poet by the jinni world” so as to introduce the Qur’ān as an inspiration of the jinni and to deny the prophetic mission of the noble Prophet (s). In addition to clarifying the origin and purpose of the polytheists’ attribution of this accusation, this study will make clearer the response given by the noble Qur’ān to this accusation.

Keywords

References

The noble Qur’ān
Abū al-Futūḥ Rāzī, Ḥ. (1987), Rawḍ al-Jinān. Mashhad, Āstān Quds Raḍawī.
Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī, M. (1999). Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Abū Manẓūr, M. (1993), Lisān al-‘Arab. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir.
‘Akarī, A. (n.d.), Shadharāt al-dhahab. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī. 
Ālūsī, M. (1994), Rūḥ al-ma‘ānī. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
‘Amīd, Ḥ. (1994), ‘Amīd Persian Dictionary. Tehran, Amīr Kabīr.
Āqā Ḥusaynī, Ḥ. (2003), “The angel of poetry”. Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities, no. 185, 73-94.
Aristotle (1991), Aristotle and poetics. Translated by ‘Abd al-Ḥusayn Zarrīnkūb, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr.
Azharī, M. (n.d.), Tahdhī b al-lugha. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Bahjatpūr, A. (2014), Tafsīr tanzīlī. Tehran, Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought.
Balāghī, A. (2008), Ḥujjat al-tafāsīr wa bilāgh al-iksīr. Qom, Ḥikmat.
Bāqirī, M. (1999), “The companion of Mānī”. Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of the University of Tabriz, no. 166, 25-48.
Bayḍāwī, A. (1997), Anwār al-tanzīl wa asrār al-ta’wīl. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Fakhr Rāzī, A. (1999), Mafātīḥ al-ghayb. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Farāhīdī, Kh. (1989), Kitāb al-‘ayn. Qom, Hijrat Publications.
Fāṭimī, S. (2009), The philosophical principles of the Greek and Roman mythology. Tehran, University of Tehran.
Fayḍ Kāshānī, M. (1994), Tafsīr al-ṣāfī. Tehran, Ṣadr.
Guirand, F. (197), Greek Mythology. Translated by Abū al-Qāsim Ismā‘īlpūr. Tehran, Fekr-e Rūz.
Ḥillī, Ḥ. (1944), Al-Jawhar al-naḍīd. Qom, Bīdār.
Ibn ‘Aṭiyya Andulusī, A. (2001), Al-Muḥarrar al-wajīz. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Ibn Durayd, M. (n.d.), Jamhara al-lugha. Beirut, Dār al-‘Ilm lil-Malā’īn.
Ibn Fāris, A. (1984), Mu‘jam Maqā’īs al-lugha. Qom, Maktab al-A‘lām al-Islāmī.
Ibn Kathīr, A. (1998), Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Ibn Sayyida, A. (n.d.), Al-Muḥkam wa al-muḥīṭ al-a‘ẓam. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya.
Izutsu, T. (190), God and Man in the Koran. Translated by Aḥmad Ārām, Tehran, Islamic Culture Publications.
Jawharī, A. (n.d.), Al-Ṣiḥāḥ. Beirut, Dār al-‘Ilm lil-Malā’īn.
Khāja Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, M. (1987), Tajrīd al-manṭiq. Beirut, Mu’assisa al-A‘lamī lil-Maṭbū‘āt.
Makārim Shīrāzī, N. (1996), Tafsīr nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
Mas‘ūdī, A. (1988), Murūj al-dhahab. Qom, Dār al-Hijra.
Mudarrisī, M. (1998), Min Hudā al-Qur’ān. Tehran, Muḥbbī al-Ḥusayn.
Muṣṭafawī, Ḥ. (1990), Al-Taḥqīq fī kalimāt al-Qur’ān al-karīm. Tehran, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Muẓaffar, M. (1988), Al-Manṭiq. Qom, Ismā‘īliyān.
Plato (2011), Five dialogues. Translated by Maḥmūd Ṣanā‘ī, Tehran, Hurmis.
Qurashī, M. (n.d.), Jamhara ash‘ār al-‘Arab fī al-Jāhiliyya wa al-Islām. Cairo, Dār Nihḍa Miṣr.
Qurṭabī, M. (1986), Al-Jāmi‘ li-Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusru.
Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥ. (1999), Muḥāḍirāt al-udabā’ wa muḥāwirāt al-shu‘arā wa al-bulaghā’. Beirut, Dār al-Arqam b. Abī al-Arqam.
Id. (1991), Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Dār al-‘Ilm al-Dār al-Shāmiyya.
Ṣādiqī Tehrānī, M. (1998), Al-Balāgh fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān bil-Qur’ān. Qom, Mu’allaf.
Id. (1987), Al-Furqān fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān bil-Qur’ān, Islamic Culture Publications.
Sayyid Quṭb, A. (1991), Fī ẓilāl al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Dār al-Shurūq.
Sharīf Lāhījī, M. (1995), Tafsīr Sharīf Lāhījī. Tehran, Dād Publications.
Shubbar, A. (1991). Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Beirut, Dār al-Balāgha.
Id. (1987), Al-Jawhar al-thamīn fī tafsīr al-kitāb al-mubīn. Kuwait, Maktabat al-Alfīn. 
Ṭabāṭabā’ī, M. (1996), Al-Mīzān. Qom, Jāmi‘a Mudarrisīn of Qom Ḥawza.
Ṭabrisī, F. (1994), Majma‘ al-Bayān. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusru.
Tha‘labī Nayshābūrī, A. (2001), Al-Kashf wa al-bayān ‘an tafsīr al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Ṭusī, M. (n.d.), Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Zamakhsharī, M. (1987), Al-Kashshāf. Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī.
 
Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies (formerly known as Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies)
Volume 2, Issue 2
July 2020
Pages 211-230

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics