An Analysis of the Opinions of Amina Inloes about Blaming the Women in Nahj al-balāgha

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of the Qur’ān and Ḥadīth Sciences, Faculty of Islamic Theology, Farabi Campus University of Tehran, Qom, Iran

2 Phd Student of the Qur’ān and Ḥadīth Sciences, Faculty of Islamic Theology, Farabi Campus University of Tehran, Qom, Iran

Abstract

One of the challenging issues that has been frequently studied is the way Imām ‘Alī (a) addresses women in Nahj al-balāgha. Amina Inloes, the contemporary American researcher of Islam compares these statements with the qur’ānic discourse and early Shī‘a Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays. She believes that these statements are in conflict with the significations of the Qur’ān and the early books in terms of chain of transmission and content. From her viewpoint, these statements have entered the Muslim books after the Translation Movement under the influence of Greek philosophers such as Aristotle. She deems that as the general content of Nahj al-balāgha contradicts those cases, it can be concluded that those concepts are the cultural-religious reflections of Sayyid Raḍī’s era that have been attributed to Imām ‘Alī (a) after his demise. Although this is an interesting opinion, it suffers from some shortcomings such as limiting its sources to Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays, ignoring other historical and biographical books, and ignoring to explain the process of the entrance of these statements to Shī‘a texts and the way they turned into the dominant paradigm.

Keywords

References

Nahj al-balāgha (1988). Qom, Nashr Imām ̒Alī.
The Bible (1987). N.p., The Association for the Bible Distribution.
̒Abd al-Razzāq Ṣan̒ānī, A. (2010), al-Muṣannaf. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Aḥmad, L. (1992), Zanān wa jinsīyyat dar Islām. Tehran, Nigāh Mu̒āṣir.
Alhūyī Naẓarī, Z. (2004), «Bāzgasht Sunan Jāhilī dar Dawrān pas az Payāmbar wa Naqsh ān dar Taḥawwul Manzilat Zan». ̒Ulūm Insānī Dānishgāh al-Zahrā, No. 61, 39-56.
Ālūsī, M. (2009), Bulūgh al-Irb fī Ma̒rifat Aḥwāl al-̒Arab. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Bukhārī, M. (1990), al-Jāmi̒ al-Ṣaḥīḥ. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Dhīlābī, N. and M. Muḥaṣṣiṣ (2018), «Taḥlīl Burūn Dīnī Guzārihāyi Nikūhishgirāyānih darbāriyih Zan dar Nahj al-balāgha». Tārīkh wa Tamaddun Islāmī, No. 28, 3-32. 
Ghazzālī, M. (1988), Naṣīḥat al-Mulūk. Tehran, Humā.
Ḥasūn, M. (1991), ̛A̒lām al-Nisā̛ al-Mưmināt. Qom, Uswa.
Ibn ̒Abd Rabbih, A. (1999), al-̒Iqd al-Farīd. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Ibn abī al-Ḥadīd, A. (1999), Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha. Qom, Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-Marʿashī al-Najafī.
Ibn abī Ṭāhir, A. (1972), Balāghāt al-Nisā̛. Beirut, Dār al-Nihḍat al-Ḥadītha.
Ibn Ḥajar ̒Asqalānī, A. (1992), al-IṢāba fī Tamīz al-Ṣaḥāba. Beirut, Dār al-Jīl.
Ibn Jawzī, A. (1970), Aḥkām al-Nisā̛. Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa.
Ibn Khullakān, A. (1977), wafīyāt al-A̛yān. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir
Ibn Manẓūr, M. (1988), Lisān al-̒Arab. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn Qutayba, A. (1998), ̒Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Ibn Sa̒d, M. (1997), al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Inloes, A. (2015), «Was Imam Ali a misogynist ?  the Portrayal of woman in nahj  al-balaghah and kitab sulaym ibn qays». Journal of Shi̒a Islamic Studies, no. 3, pp. 325-365.
Ja̒far Nīyā, F. (2014), «Farhang Yahūd wa Ta̛thīr ān dar Bāz Tawlīd Nigāh Jāhilī bi Jāygāh Zan Musalmān dar Khāniwādih». Muṭāli̒āt Tārīkh Farhangī, No. 23, 83-112.
Ja̒far Nīyā, F., Ṣ. Ā̛īnihwand and W. Hūshangī (2010), «Ta̛thīr Bāwarhāyi Yahūd dar Bāz Tawlīd Nigāh Jāhilī bi Ḥayāt Ijtimā̒ī Zan dar Jāmi̒ih Islāmī». Muṭāli̒āt Tārīkh Farhangī, No. 4, 65-88.
Jān Aḥmadī, F. (2000), «Nihḍat Tarjuma; Natāyij wa Payāmadhāyi ān». Tārīkh Islām, No. 4, 86-142.
Jawād ̒Alī (1972), al-Mufaṣṣal fī Tārīkh al-̒Arab qabl al-Islām. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn.
Karājikī, M. (1990), Kanz al-Fawā̛id. Qom, Maktabat al-Muṣṭafawī.
Kāẓimī, M. and M. Fākir Miybudī (2019), «Rūyārūyī du Jarīyān Umawī wa  ̒Alawī dar Shiklgīrī wa Fahm Riwāyāt». Kitāb Qayyim, No. 21, 243-265.
Majlisī, M. (1989), Biḥār al-̛Anwār. Beirut, Dār al-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Mas̒ūdī, A. (2001), Murūj al-dhahab. Tehran, ̒Ilmī wa Farhangī.
Qurṭubī, A. (1938), Al-Jāmiʿ li-̛Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Cairo, Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣrīyya.
Ṭabarī, M. (1983), Tārīkh al-Rusul wa al-Mulūk. Tehran, Asāṭīr.       
Ṭabrisī, A. (1988), Majmaʿ al-Bayān li-ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, ed. Sayyid Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī, Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa.
Wāqidī, M. (2003), Kitāb al-Maghāzī. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
 
Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies
Volume 2, Issue 2
July 2020
Pages 407-423

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics