An Analysis of the Shī‘a and Sunnī Views to Free Will Made to the Relatives

Document Type : Scholary

Authors

Department of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran

Abstract

One of the main issues in the domain of personal status that has led to disagreement among the Imāmīyya and four Sunnī denominations is the tabarru‘ī (free) will made to the relatives. Regarding this issue, there are three viewpoints. Some Sunnī scholars do not deem permissible making such a will to the heir and believe that the Will verse has been abrogated by the Inheritance verse, the narration «Lā waṣīyya li-wārith» that has been narrated from the Prophet of Allāh (s) confirms this claim, and making will to the relatives brings about envy and animosity among the heirs. On the contrary, Imāmīyya believes that the Inheritance verse cannot be the abrogator here. Moreover, they say that such a claim cannot be proved using a singular narration with an speculative implication; that is, the claim for the causation of animosity is not general and cannot be true for all cases. In addition, there exist many narrations from Imāms (a) whose content deem permissible making a will to the heir. Their argumentation based on the Will verse shows the permissibility of such an act. However, another group of Sunnī scholars believe that the permission by the heir is necessary for the accuracy of making will for the relatives, and the prophetic narration «Lā waṣīyya li-wā rith illā an yashā’a al-waratha» confirms it. Of course, this narration is also singular, has speculative implication, and is weak in terms of chain of transmission.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

‘Alam al-Hudā, A. (1994), Al-Intiṣār. Qom, Muʾassia al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
Al-Khafīf, A. (2009), Aḥkām al-waṣīyya: Buḥūth muqārina taḍammanat sharḥ Qānūn al-Waṣīyya 71. Cairo, Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī.
Ansari, M. (1994), Elusaya and Al-Mawarith. Qom, International conference on the occasion of the second centenary of the birth of Sheikh Al-Ansari.
‘Āmilī, M. (1996), Al-Durūs al-Shar’īyya fī fiqh al-Imāmīyya. Qom, Muʾassia al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
‘Āmilī, Z. (1989), Rawḍa al-bahīyya fī sharḥ al-Lum’a al-Damishqīyya. Qom, Maktabat al-Dāwarī.
Baḥrānī, Y. (1984), H̱adāʾiq al-nāẓira fī aḥkām al-‘Itra al-Ṭāhira. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
Bahūtī, M. (2005), Al-Rawḍ al-murabba’ sharḥ zād al-mutqana’. Riyadh, Madār al-Waṭan lil-Nashr.
Bājī, S. (1999), Al-muntaqī sharḥ al-muwaṭṭaʾ. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyya.
Dār Quṭnī, A. (2001), Sunan al-Dār Quṭnī. Beirut, Dār al-Ma’rifa.
Fakhr Rāzī, M. (1990), Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyya.
H̱illī, A. (1989), Al-Sarāʾir al-ḥāwī li-taḥrīr al-fatāwī. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
H̱illī, H̱. (1993), Tadhkara al-fuqahāʾ. Qom, Muʾassisa Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth.
Id. (1995), Mukhtalif al-Shī’a fī aḥkām al-sharī’a. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, Y. (1977), Al-Kāfī fī fiqh Ahl al-Madīna al-Mālikī. Riyadh, Maktabat Al-Rīyādh al-H̱adītha.
Ibn Bābiwayh, M. (1984), Man lā yaḥḍurhu al-faqīh. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islamī.
Ibn H̱ajar ‘Asqalānī, A. (1907), Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir.
Id. (1959), Faḥ al-Bārī sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut, Dār al-Ma’rifa.
Ibn Ḥazm Andulusī, A. (2004), Al-Muḥallā bil-āthār. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyya.
Ibn Māja, M. (1997), Sunan Ibn Māja. Beirut, Dār al-Jayl.
Ibn Qudāma, M. (1996), Al-Mughnī. Riyadh, Dār ‘Ālam al-Kitāb.
Ibn Rushd, M. (1995), Bidāya al-mujtahid wa nahāya al-muqtaṣid. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyya.
Ibn Taymīyya, A. (2004), Majmū’ al-fatāwī. Medina, Majma’ Malik Fahad.
Kāshānī, A. (1985), Badaʾi al-ṣanaʾi’ fī tartīb al-sharaʾi’. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyya.
Kulaynī, M. (1984), Al-Kāfī. Tehran, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
Makārim Shīrāzī, N. (1995), Tafsīr nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
Mizzī, J. (1979), Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī asmāʾ al-rijāl. Beirut, Mu’assisa al-Risāla. Qur’ān
Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, M. (1999), Barrisīyi fiqhī wa ḥuqūqīyi waṣīyyat. Tehran, Markazi Nashri ‘Ulūmi Islāmī.
Najafī, M. H̱. (2000), Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāyi’ al-Islām. Qom, Muʾassia Daʾirat al-Ma’ārif al-Islāmī bar Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt.
Nasāʾī, A. (2000), Sunan al-kubrā. Beirut, Mu’assisa al-Risāla.
Nawawī, M. (n.d.), Al-Majmū’ sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Qurṭubī, M. (1996), Al-Jāmi’ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyya.
Rashīd Riḍā, M. (1990), Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-Karīm (Tafsīr al-minār). Egypt, Hayʾat al-Miṣrīyya al-‘Āmma lil-Kitāb.
Riḍwānī Kāshānī, A. A., & M. Riḍwānī Kāshānī (2017), «Barrisīyi taṭbīqīyi waṣīyyat barāyi wārith dar fiqhi Imāmīyyi wa Ahli Sunnat». Muṭāli’āti Muqāriniʾīyi Madhāhibi Islāmī, no. 1, 73-100.
Sajistāni, S. (2008), Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Beirut, Dār al-Risāla.
Sarakhsī, A. (1988), Al-Mabsūṭ. Beirut, Dār al-Ma’rifa.
Shāfi’ī, M. (2002), Al-Umm. Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Ilmīyya.
Shahristānī, A. (1999), Wuḍūʾ al-Nabī (s). Beirut, Muʾassia Jawād al-Aʾimma lil-Ṭibā’a wa al-Nashr.
Shirbīnī, Sh. (2008), Mughnī al-muḥtāj. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr.
Subḥānī, J. (2015), Darsi khāriji fiqh. February 2, 2016, Madrisiyi Fiqāhat.
Id. (2015), Darsi khāriji fiqh. February 7, 2016, Madrisiyi Fiqāhat.
Suyūrī, M. (1994), Kanz al-‘irfān fī fiqh al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Murtaḍawī.
Ṭabāṭabāʾī, M. H̱. (1999), Tafsīr al-Mīzān. Translated by M. B. Mūwasī, Qom, Jāmiʾiyi Mudarrisīni Ḥawziyi ‘Ilmīyyiyi Qum.
Tirmidhī, M. (2015), Sunan Tirmidhī. Beirut, Dār Ibn Kathīr.
Ṭūsī, M. (1984), Al-Istibṣār fīmā ukhulifa min al-akhbār. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
Id. (1986a), Al-Khilāf. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islamī
Id. (1986b), Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
Id. (2008), Al-Mabsūṭ fī fiqh al-Imāmīyya. Tehran, Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīyya.
Yazdī, M. K. (1988), ‘Urwat al-wuthqā. Beirut, Mu’assisa al-A’lamī lil-Maṭbūāt.
Classical and Contemporary Islamic Studies (formerly known as Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies)
Volume 6, Issue 1
Winter & Spring 2024
January 2024
Pages 39-49

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics